Hugo Daffner studied at the Munich Academy of Music and received his doctorate in 1904 with a thesis on the development of the piano concerto. In the following years, Hugo Daffner worked as a music editor for newspapers in Dresden and Königsberg. During the First World War, Hugo Daffner studied medicine and received his second doctorate in 1920. He lived in Berlin until 1933 and was registered as a doctor there. In the mid-1920s, Dr Hugo Daffner underwent treatment in a clinic, possibly for bipolar disorder.
In 1933, Hugo Daffner moved back to Munich, where he worked exclusively as a composer. The Nazi rulers took issue with his lifestyle and imprisoned him in the Dachau concentration camp ‘in order to make him aware of his duties to the national community through strictly regulated work and strict discipline’. In 1936, Dr Hugo Daffner died in the Dachau concentration camp under unknown circumstances.