Memorial Signs for Hermine Bernheimer, Hermann Binswanger, Minna Hirschberg, and Erna and Friedrich Marx,
Prinzregentenstraße 3

Hermine Bernheimer was born in Göppingen in 1870. In 1929, she moved to Munich to live with her widowed sister Rosa Frei. They lived right next door to the main synagogue. Due to the demolition of the main synagogue in 1938, they were forced to move several times before the Gestapo finally crammed them into the ‘Milbertshofen Jewish Settlement’. In 1943, they were deported to Theresienstadt, where Hermine Bernheimer was murdered a few weeks later. Rosa Frei arrived in Switzerland in February 1945 on an exchange transport, where she died in 1946.

Minna Hirschberg had married the merchant Adolf Hirschberg in Nuremberg in 1887. The couple had two children. After the death of her husband, Minna Hirschberg moved to Munich with her children in 1926. Her son Fritz Hirschberg was able to emigrate to the USA. Minna Hirschberg was forced to move several times and finally lived in the Jewish retirement home in Kaulbachstraße from 1940. From there, the Gestapo deported her to the Theresienstadt ghetto, where Minna Hirschberg was murdered in 1942.

Her daughter Erna married the merchant Friedrich Siegmund Marx in 1919. The couple lived in Munich with their two children. The children were able to emigrate to England and the USA after the National Socialists came to power. Erna and Friedrich Siegmund Marx were deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto by the Gestapo in 1942. Friedrich Marx was murdered there a few months later. Erna Marx was deported from Theresienstadt to Auschwitz in 1944 and murdered there.

On 31 March 2025 a commemorative event for Hermine Bernheimer, Hermann Binswanger, Minna Hirschberg, and Erna and Friedrich Marx was held at the Bayerisches Nationalmuseum at Prinzregentenstraße 3. Afterwards, the Memorial Signs were placed at their former places of residence.